Eczema

Eczema is a chronic condition characterised by red, itchy, and inflamed patches of skin. The condition often appears in early childhood and can vary in severity during adolescence and adulthood. Whilst the exact cause of eczema is unknown, it is believed to be linked to a combination of genetic and environmental factors that disrupt the skin’s barrier, leading to moisture loss and increasing vulnerability to allergens and irritants.

Eczema symptoms can vary widely among individuals but typically include:

• Itching: This is often the most distressing symptom and can become more intense during the night.
• Dryness: Affected areas are usually excessively dry and may flake.
• Redness: Skin may become red and inflamed.
• Skin Flaking or Scaling: The skin may flake off or form crusty scales.
• Rashes: Commonly appear on the face, back of the knees, wrists, hands, or feet.
• Oozing and Crusting: When scratched, patches can ooze and form a crust, particularly in infants.

Eczema is thought to be driven by a combination of factors:

• Genetic Factors: A family history of eczema or other allergic conditions like asthma or hay fever can increase susceptibility.
• Immune System Dysfunction: Eczema may be related to a malfunction of the body’s immune system that leads to excessive inflammation.
• Skin Barrier Defects: Defects in the skin barrier could allow moisture out and germs in, causing symptoms.
• Environmental Factors: Allergens and irritants such as pollen, pet dander, dust mites, and certain fabrics can trigger eczema.
• Stress: Emotional stress doesn’t cause eczema but can worsen symptoms.

If not managed properly, eczema can lead to several long-term complications, including:

• Infections: Repeated scratching that breaks the skin can lead to open sores and cracks that are susceptible to infection by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.
• Sleep Problems: Intense itching can disrupt sleep, leading to significant distress and affecting overall health and well-being.
• Chronic Itching and Scaling: Ongoing symptoms can become severe and lead to skin thickening, which might require more intensive treatment.

Whilst eczema cannot be completely prevented, especially if you are genetically predisposed, there are measures that can be taken to help manage and reduce outbreaks. These include:

• Moisturising regularly to prevent dryness.
• Avoiding known irritants and allergens as much as possible.
• Managing stress through relaxation techniques and regular physical activity.
• Using gentle soaps and detergents and avoiding those with fragrances or dyes.
• Wearing soft, breathable clothing and avoiding itchy fabrics like wool.

Not all rashes are due to eczema, and a consultant dermatologist is best-placed to provide an accurate diagnosis of your condition through undertaking a detailed medical history and physical examination.

At RENA, the consultation and diagnosis process for eczema is thorough and patient-centered, and will be conducted by a consultant dermatologist. During your initial visit, one of our experienced dermatologists will conduct a detailed examination of your skin and review your medical history, including any family history of eczema or other skin conditions. We will discuss your symptoms, such as itching, redness, or dryness, and assess any potential triggers, like allergens or stress. If necessary, we may recommend additional tests, such as a skin biopsy or allergy tests, to rule out other conditions and confirm the diagnosis. Our goal is to develop a personalised treatment plan tailored to your needs, ensuring effective management of your eczema and improving your quality of life.

Effective eczema treatment focuses on healing the affected skin and preventing flaring of symptoms to allow you to manage the condition over the long-term. The most appropriate treatment will depend on your specific needs, with RENA being able to offer topical treatments that reduce inflammation and relieve itching, as well as skin barrier creams designed to repair skin damage and reduce moisture loss. In more severe cases we may recommend systemic treatments such as oral medications or injectables.